Smelling salts

Smelling salts typically consist of a mixture of diluted ammonia, water, and ethanol, or a combination of ammonium carbonate with added fragrance. These compounds act as powerful physical stimulants.

The stimulating effects of smelling salts come from the ammonia, which irritates the membranes in the nose and lungs when inhaled. This irritation triggers a reflexive deep inhalation and increased breathing rate, boosting oxygen flow to the brain.